THE WHOLE HUMAN LIFE BETWEEN TWO BREADS: Fascinating exhibition opened in Kragujevac
Bread for birth, for first steps, bread for engagement, for the dead. In between there is bread for Slava (celebrating saints), Christmas, Easter and so on...
The whole human life between two breads - bread / johnnycake, bread when the child makes its first steps, bread for the engagement of the girl, bread for the newlyweds. In the meantime, there is a bread for Christmas, then Easter, one for the Serbian New Year. The circle ends with bread for the dead, in honor of the diseased.
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Bread through life circle of men and throughout human history is the subject of the exhibition "The story about bread", in the house of arch priest Miloje Barjaktarovic. The author of the exhibition is Violeta Cvetanovska, curator of ethno National museum in Kraljevo.
- Research about bread has been conducted about three years ago and it included Kraljevo and the near vicinity. Bread is present on the table every day, and we know so little about its essence. The story about bread is actually the story about civilization and our selves, says Violeta Cvetanovska.
The part of the bread story is yeast, which wasn't in free sale like it is now, so women had to make it themselves, from the apple vinegar. The dough is mixed and one part of it is rolled in flour and kept in a warm place. When the bread is knead again, that extra part is taken. Bread was prepared twice a week. Until the middle of 20th century, breads were mostly round. The life of humans would sometimes start with bread without yeast, with a bit of soda.
The relatives would bring that kind of bread to the house where the new baby was born, and everybody would eat it. If the girl baby was born, the bread would be given to the male to take a bite so the second child would be a boy. When a child is baptized the same bread is brought, but it would be decorated with stripes made of dough. The godfather would bring it. Apple, money and canvas would be placed on the bread. On the day when the child makes its first step, mother would make another bread. It would be decorated with figures made of dough - sickle shaped, hammer, pen feather, book and everything that could point to the youngones future. The bread was laid down on a low chair, and the child would be pointed to walk to it on its own.
What the child takes first off the bread will represent its life. For the lifetime, humans eat a lot of ritual breads on holidays. Slava bread is prepared by the house wife from the pure wheat flour and purified holy water. It would be richly decorated with the figures of grapes, birds, grains. The most important part is leaving the print of the "Letter", that has the motif of the cross and letters IS HS NI KA (Greek: Jesus Christ wins"). The most importand bread is for Christmas. It is mixed without salt, with water and brought before the sunrise.
- Breads were made on Christmas that symbolized all kinds of domestic animals, agricultural tools, crops. The most common were the crops - round and carved bread intended to the earth, then "scissors" - bread for the sheep, then bread with four circles for the cows and hollow bread for the horses. Early morning on Christmas, the house father would go to the barn and take the breads to the animals, explains Violeta Cvetanovska. Bread vasilisa was made for little Christmas, Serbian New Year - says Slavica Josovic.
She says further:
- The Easter bread would be round, with the egg in the middle, and it would symbolism fertility. After birth, the first step, and other holiday breads, young man would eat bread for the engagement of the girl. It was decorated with wool of bright colors and a little mirror, to allow the girl to look at herself. When the girl was proposed, "friends" (parents of the boy and girl) would break the loaf and kiss above it. In that way, new circle of life starts, so they young couple soon gets their own loaf of bread for the birth of their own child. Whatever happens, everybody eventually come to the bread for the dead. It is a sort of the bread that the one that the loaf is intended to, doesn't try it. It is a bread for the memorial. It is a small round bread without yeast. On the opening of the exhibit it was told that the bread we eat today, was never taken for granted as we do it now.
- House wife would never bring out at the table freshly baked bread, warm, scented, soft. That bread would be eaten much more. Half a century ago, when i was a child, it was an even when my uncle, who worked in highschool in Kragujevac, brought white bread, somun. The one that mother made was black. Somuns were little loafs and to bring them to the village like a present was much like bringing a full box of chocolates, told Slavica Josovic.
The production of the bread was given to the world by Egyptians who made it from the grained called pir, and they mixed the dough with their legs.
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